The test will be in place in time for the World Championships which take place in Tokyo on September 13-21.
“It is really important in a sport that is permanently trying to attract more women that they enter a sport believing there is no biological glass ceiling,” said World Athletics President Sebastian Coe.
“The test to confirm biological sex is a very important step in ensuring this is the case.”
The test for the SRY gene, which is part of the Y chromosome and causes male characteristics to develop, can be done by a cheek swab or a blood test.
If the athlete tests negative for the Y chromosome they are eligible to compete in the female category in world ranking competitions.
If it is positive, they can only compete in the female category in non-world ranking competitions or in another category other than the female one.
World Athletics says the test is “extremely accurate”, adding: “The risk of false negative or positive is extremely unlikely.”
The SRY test is the same one adopted by World Boxing when it brought in mandatory sex testing for all competitors this year.
The sport of athletics has long considered introducing eligibility criteria for women’s events, amid questions over biological advantages for transgender athletes and those with differences of sex development. (AFP)